Rabies in dogs: symptoms, prevention and the importance of vaccination
Rabies is one of the most common viral diseases that can affect both animals and humans. Rabies protection is especially important for dogs, as they are often exposed to direct contact with wild animals. But what exactly is rabies, how do you recognize the symptoms, and why is rabies vaccination so important? You'll find all the answers in this blog.
What is rabies in dogs?
Rabies is a viral infection that attacks the central nervous system. The disease is caused by the rabies virus and is almost always fatal once it has developed. Rabies is transmitted primarily through the saliva of infected animals, such as through bites or scratches.
Important facts about rabies:
- Global problem: Rabies occurs worldwide, but has declined in many countries due to vaccination programs.
- High mortality: Without timely treatment, the disease is almost always fatal.
- Zoonosis: Rabies can also be transmitted to humans.
How is rabies transmitted?
Dogs become infected with rabies primarily through contact with infected animals. Particularly dangerous are:
- Wild animals: foxes, raccoons, bats and other mammals.
- Pets: Other infected dogs or cats can also transmit the virus.
The virus is transmitted through saliva, usually through bites. However, even minor scratches or mucous membrane contact can trigger an infection.
Rabies symptoms: How do you recognize rabies in dogs?
The symptoms of rabies in dogs appear in different phases and can vary. The incubation period—the time between infection and the first symptoms—is usually 2 to 8 weeks, but can be longer.
1. Prodromal phase (early symptoms):
- Behavioral changes: Your dog suddenly seems nervous or anxious.
- Fever: Slightly elevated temperature.
- Loss of appetite: Your dog eats less or not at all.
2. Excitement phase (aggression phase):
- Aggression: Your dog displays inexplicably aggressive behavior.
- Restlessness: He walks around restlessly or seems restless.
- Hypersensitivity: Reacts excessively to light, sound, or touch.
3. Paralytic phase (final stage):
- Paralysis: Paralysis of the chewing muscles is particularly noticeable, which leads to increased salivation (“foaming at the mouth”).
- Difficulty swallowing: Your dog can no longer swallow.
- Shortness of breath: Eventually, respiratory arrest occurs.
Symptoms at a glance:
- Behavioral changes
- Aggressiveness or unusual trustfulness
- Paralysis and swallowing problems
- Excessive salivation
Why is rabies vaccination so important for dogs?
Rabies vaccination is the only effective protection against the disease. In many countries, it's even required by law, especially if you plan to travel with your dog.
Benefits of rabies vaccination:
- Protection against infection: A vaccinated animal population prevents the spread of the virus.
- Travel protection: In many countries, rabies vaccination is mandatory for entry.
- Safe for humans: Vaccinated dogs cannot transmit the virus.
Rabies vaccination for dogs: Everything you need to know
1. When will the vaccination be carried out?
The first rabies vaccination is usually given in puppyhood, around 12 weeks of age. Regular boosters are then necessary—usually every 1 to 3 years, depending on the vaccine.
2. How does the vaccination work?
The rabies vaccination stimulates your dog's immune system to produce antibodies against the virus. This protects your dog if he comes into contact with the virus later.
3. Side effects of the vaccination:
The rabies vaccination is considered safe, but as with any vaccination, mild side effects can occur:
- fatigue
- Local swelling at the injection site
- Rare: Allergic reactions
4. Rabies vaccination for travel:
If you plan to travel abroad with your dog, a valid rabies vaccination certificate is required. Consult your veterinarian well in advance, as some countries have specific requirements.
What to do if your dog has come into contact with an infected animal?
If you suspect that your dog has come into contact with a rabid animal, you should act immediately:
- Visit your veterinarian: Inform your veterinarian about the incident. If your dog is vaccinated, a booster shot is often sufficient.
- Quarantine: Unvaccinated dogs may need to be quarantined.
- Reporting to authorities: In some countries it is mandatory to report contact with rabid animals.
How can you protect your dog from rabies?
- Regular rabies vaccination: The most important protection against the disease.
- Avoid contact with wild animals: Keep your dog on a leash, especially in areas where wild animals are at risk of rabies.
- Education: Find out about the rabies situation in your region or destination.
Rabies in Germany: How dangerous is the situation?
Germany has been officially rabies-free in domestic animals since 2008. However, there is still a risk from imported animals or wild animals such as bats. Therefore, rabies vaccination remains important in Germany.
Rabies worldwide: What you should consider when traveling
If you plan to travel abroad with your dog, rabies vaccination is often mandatory. Countries with a high risk of rabies include:
- India
- Africa
- South America
In Europe, Eastern European countries are still particularly affected by rabies. Plan your trip well in advance and clarify all requirements with your veterinarian.
Conclusion: Rabies in dogs – prevention is the best protection
Rabies is a deadly disease, but it can be prevented with a simple vaccination. The key points are summarized below:
- Look for typical symptoms such as behavioral changes, paralysis, and excessive salivation.
- The rabies vaccination is the most important protection for your dog – and is often required by law.
- Avoid contact with wild animals and find out about the rabies situation in your destination.
With the right precautions and attention, you can protect your dog from rabies and live a relaxed life with him!
