Ataxia in cats: Everything you need to know
Ataxia in cats is a neurological disorder characterized by problems with movement coordination and balance. Affected cats often appear unsteady on their feet, stumble, or fall to one side. But what exactly is ataxia, what causes it, and how can you help your cat? In this blog, you'll learn everything about the different types of ataxia, their symptoms, and possible treatments.
What is ataxia in cats?
Ataxia is not a disease in itself, but rather a symptom indicating a disorder in the nervous system. It occurs when the signals between the brain, spinal cord, and muscles are no longer processed properly. This leads to coordination problems, balance disorders, and sometimes even unusual movements.
Types of ataxia in cats:
- Cerebellar ataxia: Affects the cerebellum, which is responsible for movement coordination.
- Vestibular ataxia: Affects the balance organ in the inner ear and brain.
- Spinocerebellar ataxia: Affects the nerve pathways in the spinal cord.
Ataxia symptoms: How do you recognize ataxia in cats?
The symptoms of ataxia depend on the type and severity of the disorder. Typical signs include:
General symptoms of ataxia:
- Unsteady gait, stumbling or staggering
- Difficulty jumping or climbing
- Unusual head movements, e.g., tilting the head
- Tremors or muscle twitching
- Loss of orientation
- Eye movements that are jerky or uncontrolled
Symptoms of cerebellar ataxia:
- Wide stance to maintain balance
- Uncontrolled movements (e.g. jerky walking)
- Difficulty performing precise movements
Symptoms of vestibular ataxia:
- Rotations in a circle
- Tilting the head
- Vomiting or nausea
Symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia:
- Weakness in the legs
- Paralysis or numbness
- Problems maintaining balance, especially on uneven surfaces
Causes of ataxia in cats
The causes of ataxia are varied and can range from injuries to infections to genetic factors. Here are the most common causes of ataxia in cats:
1. Injuries
- Head injuries caused by falls or accidents
- Spinal cord injuries from collisions or car accidents
2. Infections
- Viral or bacterial infections that attack the nervous system (e.g., FIP or toxoplasmosis)
3. Poisoning
- Ingestion of toxic substances such as pesticides, medicines or poisonous plants.
4. Genetic factors
- Some cat breeds, such as Siamese cats, are more susceptible to cerebellar ataxia due to genetic mutations.
5. Tumors
- Brain or spinal cord tumors that press on nerve pathways and thus disrupt signal transmission.
6. Neurological diseases
- Diseases such as epilepsy or degenerative myelopathy can also lead to ataxia.
How is ataxia diagnosed in cats?
If you notice symptoms of ataxia in your cat, you should have it examined by a veterinarian. Diagnosis is usually made through:
1. Anamnesis
The veterinarian will ask you about your cat's symptoms, behavior, and possible injuries.
2. Physical examination
A thorough examination helps to identify possible injuries or external signs.
3. Neurological tests
The veterinarian will test your cat's reflexes, movement coordination, and balance.
4. Imaging techniques
- X-ray: To check for bone fractures or tumors.
- MRI or CT: For a detailed examination of the brain and spinal cord.
5. Blood tests
To rule out infections, poisoning or metabolic disorders.
Treatment of ataxia in cats
Treatment of ataxia depends on the underlying cause. Here are some possible approaches:
1. Medication
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
- Anti-inflammatory: To relieve swelling in the brain or spinal cord.
- Antiepileptic drugs: When ataxia is caused by neurological diseases.
2. Operations
In cases of tumors, severe injuries or blocked nerve pathways, surgery may be necessary.
3. Physiotherapy
Regular physical therapy can help improve your cat's mobility and coordination.
4. Adaptation of the environment
- Reduce hazards such as stairs or narrow spaces.
- Create soft surfaces to prevent injuries in case of falls.
How can you help a cat with ataxia?
1. Create security
- Pad corners and edges to prevent injuries in case of falls.
- Avoid high furniture or make sure your cat can climb safely.
2. Supportive nutrition
A balanced diet with important nutrients can promote recovery.
3. Patience and love
Ataxia can be stressful for your cat. Patience and attention will help her feel safe.
Differences between cerebellar and spinocerebellar ataxia
| feature | Cerebellar ataxia | Spinocerebellar ataxia |
|---|---|---|
| Location of the fault | cerebellum | spinal cord |
| Symptoms | Jerky movements | Weakness or paralysis |
| Common cause | Genetic, injuries | Degenerative diseases |
Frequently asked questions about ataxia in cats
“Is ataxia curable in cats?”
It depends on the cause. Some forms of ataxia are treatable, while others (e.g., genetic) are not completely curable.
“Can a cat with ataxia lead a normal life?”
Yes, with proper care and environmental adjustments, many cats with ataxia can live happy lives.
“Is ataxia painful in cats?”
Ataxia itself does not cause pain, but the underlying cause (e.g., injuries or tumors) can be painful.
Conclusion: Ataxia in cats – recognize symptoms and act correctly
Ataxia is a complex neurological disorder that can impact your cat's life. Key points summarized:
- Symptoms: Unsteady gait, swaying, head tilt.
- Causes: injuries, infections, poisoning or genetic factors.
- Treatment: Medication, physical therapy or surgery, depending on the cause.
- Support: Creating security in the home and improving the quality of life.
With early diagnosis and proper care, you can help your cat live a fulfilling life even with ataxia.
