Kidney failure in cats: A sneaky danger

Kidney failure in cats: A sneaky danger

Kidney failure in cats is a widespread but often late-diagnosed disease. It primarily affects older animals and leads to a gradual loss of kidney function. The kidneys are essential for detoxification, and their impairment has serious consequences for your cat's health. In this blog, we explain everything about the causes, symptoms, stages, and treatment options, as well as helpful tips to help your cat live the longest and most comfortable life possible.

What is kidney failure in cats?

Renal failure refers to the condition in which the kidneys are no longer able to fully perform their functions. They filter waste products and regulate fluid balance. In renal failure, harmful substances accumulate in the body, leading to numerous health problems.

Types of renal failure:

1. Acute renal failure: Sudden onset, often reversible with timely treatment.
2. Chronic kidney failure (CKD): Progressive and irreversible, one of the most common causes of death in older cats.

Causes of renal failure in cats

The causes of kidney failure are diverse and range from genetic factors to external influences:

1. Age

• As we age, kidney function naturally declines.

2. Genetic predisposition

• Certain breeds such as Persians or Maine Coons are more susceptible.

3. Infections

• Bacterial infections such as pyelonephritis can damage the kidneys.

4. Toxins

• Substances such as lilies, antifreeze or painkillers are toxic to cats.

5. High blood pressure

• Can cause long-term damage to the kidneys and worsen the disease.

6. Tumors

• Kidney cancer or other tumors impair kidney function.

Symptoms of kidney failure in cats

The symptoms of kidney failure develop gradually and are often only visible at an advanced stage.

Early symptoms:

• Increased drinking and urination
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• lethargy

Advanced symptoms:

• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Bad breath (ammonia-like)
• Shaggy fur
• Dehydration (dry skin, sunken eyes)
• Pale mucous membranes (indicating anemia)

End-stage symptoms:

• Severe weakness and apathy
• Seizures or neurological disorders
• Blood in the urine
• coma

Stages of renal failure in cats

Renal failure in cats is divided into different stages that describe the degree of kidney damage and remaining function.

Stage 1: Early phase

• No visible symptoms.
• Slight increase in creatinine levels in the blood.

Stage 2: Mild

• Mild symptoms such as increased drinking and urination.
• First signs of loss of appetite.

Stage 3: Moderate

• Significantly reduced quality of life due to vomiting, weight loss and lethargy.

4th stage: final stage

• Severe symptoms, quality of life severely limited.
• Danger to life without intensive veterinary care.

How is kidney failure diagnosed in cats?

Diagnosis is made through a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests:

Diagnostic methods:

1. Blood tests: Creatinine and urea levels indicate kidney function.
2. Urine analysis: Tests the kidneys’ ability to concentrate and shows protein loss.
3. Ultrasound: Shows changes in the kidney structure.
4. Blood pressure measurement: High blood pressure can be an indication of kidney damage.

Treatment of renal failure in cats

There is no cure for chronic kidney failure, but symptoms can be alleviated and the progression of the disease can be slowed.

1. Fluid therapy

• Infusions to treat dehydration and support kidney function.

2. Special kidney diet

• Reduced protein content, low phosphorus and increased omega-3 fatty acids.

3. Medications

• Phosphate binders: Reduce the phosphorus content in the blood.
• Antihypertensives: Reduce high blood pressure, which can damage the kidneys.
• Antiemetics: For nausea and vomiting.

4. Dietary supplements

• Vitamin B complex and omega-3 fatty acids support general health.

5. Dialysis or transplantation

• Rare and expensive options, usually only available in specialized clinics.

Care and tips for everyday life with cats with kidney disease

Proper care can significantly improve your cat’s quality of life:

1. Sufficient water

• Place several water bowls or use a drinking fountain to encourage water intake.

2. Kidney-friendly diet

• Feed special diet food for cats with kidney disease.

3. Regular checks

• Have your cat's blood and urine levels checked regularly.

4. Avoid stress

• Create a calm environment to avoid additional stress.

5. Observe symptoms

• Pay attention to changes in behavior or new symptoms and consult your veterinarian if necessary.

Frequently asked questions about kidney failure in cats

“Can kidney failure be cured?”

No, chronic kidney failure is not curable. However, the symptoms can be alleviated.

“How do I detect kidney failure early?”

Increased drinking and urination are often the first signs.

“Is a kidney diet really necessary?”

Yes, it helps reduce the strain on the kidneys and slow the progression of the disease.

“How long do cats with kidney failure live?”

This depends on the stage of the disease and the treatment. With proper care, cats can live for several years.

Conclusion: Renal insufficiency in cats – early detection is crucial

Renal failure in cats is a serious condition that requires early diagnosis and treatment. Key points at a glance:

• Recognize symptoms: Increased drinking, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
• Diagnosis and stages: Blood tests and urine analyses provide clarity.
• Treatment: fluid therapy, renal diet and medication.
• Prevention: Regular check-ups and a balanced diet.

With proper care and veterinary support, you can give your cat a full and comfortable life even with kidney failure.